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Ruby on Rails, or simply Rails, is a web application framework written in Ruby under MIT License. Rails is a model–view–controller (MVC) framework, providing default structures for a database, a web service, and web pages. It encourages and facilitates the use of web standards such as JSON or XML for data transfer, and HTML, CSS and JavaScript for display and user interfacing. In addition to MVC, Rails emphasizes the use of other well-known software engineering patterns and paradigms, including convention over configuration (CoC), don't repeat yourself (DRY), and the active record pattern.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://guides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html#what-is-rails-questionmark )〕 ==History== David Heinemeier Hansson extracted Ruby on Rails from his work on the project management tool Basecamp at the web application company also called Basecamp. Hansson first released Rails as open source in July 2004, but did not share commit rights to the project until February 2005.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Rails core team profiles. )〕 In August 2006, the framework reached a milestone when Apple announced that it would ship Ruby on Rails with Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard", which was released in October 2007. Rails version 2.3 was released on March 15, 2009 with major new developments in templates, engines, Rack and nested model forms. Templates enable the developer to generate a skeleton application with custom gems and configurations. Engines give developers the ability to reuse application pieces complete with routes, view paths and models. The Rack web server interface and Metal allow one to write optimized pieces of code that route around Action Controller. On December 23, 2008, Merb, another web application framework, was launched, and Ruby on Rails announced it would work with the Merb project to bring "the best ideas of Merb" into Rails 3, ending the "unnecessary duplication" across both communities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The day Merb joined Rails )〕 Merb was merged with Rails as part of the Rails 3.0 release.〔(Ruby on Rails 3.0 Release Notes )〕 Rails 3.1 was released on August 31, 2011, featuring Reversible Database Migrations, Asset Pipeline, Streaming, jQuery as default JavaScript library and newly introduced CoffeeScript and Sass into the stack.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ruby on Rails 3.1 Release Notes )〕 Rails 3.2 was released on January 20, 2012 with a faster development mode and routing engine (also known as Journey engine), Automatic Query Explain and Tagged Logging.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ruby on Rails 3.2 Release Notes )〕 Rails 3.2.x is the last version that supports Ruby 1.8.7.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rails/master is now 4.0.0.beta )〕 Rails 3.2.12 supports Ruby 2.0.〔(Rails 3.2.x is now compatible with Ruby 2.0.0 by sikachu · Pull Request #9406 · rails/rails · GitHub ). Github.com. Retrieved on 2014-05-30.〕 Rails 4.0 was released on June 25, 2013, introducing Russian Doll Caching, Turbolinks, Live Streaming as well as making Active Resource, Active Record Observer and other components optional by splitting them as gems.〔(Rails 4 is finally released )〕 Rails 4.1 was released on April 8, 2014, introducing Spring, Variants, Enums, Mailer previews, and secrets.yml.〔(Rails 4.1.0: Spring, Variants, Enums, Mailer previews, secrets.yml )〕 Rails 4.2 was released on December 19, 2014, introducing Active Job, asynchronous emails, Adequate Record, Web Console, and foreign keys.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ruby on Rails」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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